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【英文标准名称】:Photography(Films)-RollFilmSizes120and220-Dimensions
【原文标准名称】:摄影(胶片).120和220型胶卷尺寸
【标准号】:ANSIPH1.21-1956
【标准状态】:作废
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【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(US-ANSI)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:
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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasurementofAdenosineTriphosphateinWater-MiscibleMetalworkingFluids
【原文标准名称】:测定水溶性金属加工液中三磷酸腺苷的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME2694-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E34.50
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:adenosinetriphosphate;ATP;bacteria;bioburden;biodeterioration;biomass;fungi;metalworking;microbialcontamination;microbiology;microorganisms
【摘要】:ThismethodmeasurestheconcentrationofATPpresentinthesample.ATPisaconstituentofalllivingcells,includingbacteriaandfungi.Consequently,thepresenceofATPisanindicatoroftotalmicrobialcontaminationinmetalworkingfluids.ATPisnotassociatedwithmatterofnon-biologicalorigin.MethodD4012validatedATPasasurrogateforculturablebacterialdata(GuideE1326).ThismethoddiffersfromMethodD4012inthatiteliminatesinterferencesthathavehistoricallyrenderedATPtestingunusablewithcomplexorganicfluidssuchasMWF.TheATPtestprovidesrapidtestresultsthatreflectthetotalbioburdeninthesample.Ittherebyreducesthedelaybetweentestinitiationanddatacapture,fromthe36hto48h(orlonger)requiredforculturablecoloniestobecomevisible,toapproximatelyfiveminutes.AlthoughATPdatacovarystronglywithculturedatainMWF,differentfactorsaffectATPconcentrationthanthosethataffectculturability.Culturabilityisaffectedprimarilybytheabilityofcapturedmicrobestoproliferateonthegrowthmediumprovided,underspecificgrowthconditions.Ithavebeenestimatedthatlessthan1%ofthespeciespresentinanenvironmentalsamplewillformcoloniesunderanygivensetofgrowthconditions.ATPconcentrationisaffectedby:themicrobialspeciespresent,thephysiologicalstatesofthosespecies,andthetotalbioburden(SeeAppendixX1).OneexampleofthespecieseffectisthattheamountofATPpercellissubstantiallygreaterforfungithanbacteria.Withinaspecies,cellsthataremoremetabolicallyactivewillhavemoreATPpercellthandormantcells.Thegreaterthetotalbioburden,thegreatertheATPconcentrationinasample.Thepossibilityexiststhattherinsestep(11.15)maynoteliminateallchemicalsubstancesthatcaninterferewiththebioluminescencereaction(11.39).ThepresenceofanysuchinterferencescanbeevaluatedbyperformingastandardadditiontestseriesasdescribedinAppendixX3.Anyimpactofinterferingchemicalswillbereflectedasbiasrelativetodataobtainedfromfluidthatdoesnotcontaininterferingchemicals.1.1Themethodprovidesaprotocolforcapturing,extractingandquantifyingtheadenosinetriphosphate(ATP)contentassociatedwithmicroorganismsfoundinwater-misciblemetalworkingfluids(MWF).1.2TheATPismeasuredusingabioluminescenceenzymeassay,wherebylightisgeneratedinamountsproportionaltotheconcentrationofATPinthesamples.Thelightisproducedandmeasuredquantitativelyasrelativelightunits(RLU)whichareconvertedbycomparisonwithanATPstandardandcomputationtopgATP/mL.1.3Thismethodisequallysuitableforuseinthelaboratoryorfield.1.4ThemethoddetectsATPconcentrationsintherangeof4.0pgATP/mLto400,000pgATP/mL.1.5Providinginterferencescanbeovercome,bioluminescenceisareliableandprovenmethodforqualifyingandquantifyingATP.ThemethoddoesnotdifferentiatebetweenATPfromdifferentsources,forexample,fromdifferenttypesofmicroorganisms,suchasbacteriaandfungi.1.6ThevaluesstatedinSIaretoberegardedasstandard.1.7Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:E39
【国际标准分类号】:75_100
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语