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【英文标准名称】:Extendersforpaints-Specificationsandmethodsoftest-Part20:Fumedsilica
【原文标准名称】:涂料用填充剂规范和试验方法第20部分:喷雾二氧化硅(石英)
【标准号】:ISO3262-20-2000
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2000-04
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC35
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:规范;染料;试验;规范(验收);定义;材料规范;热原;额定值;覆层材料;材料试验;石英玻璃;表面处理;特性;pH值;涂料;填充剂;实验室试验;化学分析和试验;二氧化硅;粉末;硅酸;系统论
【英文主题词】:Acetylene;Bushings;Chemicalanalysisandtesting;Coatingmaterials;Coatings;Compressedair;Definitions;Dyes;Ethanol;Extenders;Hydrochloricacid;Laboratorytesting;Materialsspecification;Materialstesting;Nitrousoxide;Paints;pH;Powder;Properties;Pyrogen;Ratings;Reagents;Samplingmethods;Silicaglass;Silicicacid;Silicondioxide;Specification(approval);Specifications;Sulphuricacid;Surfacetreatment;Systemology;Testresults;Testing;Testingdevices;Tests
【摘要】:ThispartofISO3262specifiesrequirementsandcorrespondingmethodsoftestforfumedsilica.
【中国标准分类号】:G52
【国际标准分类号】:87_060_10
【页数】:13P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforRepresentativeSamplingforManagementofWasteandContaminatedMedia
【原文标准名称】:废物和污染媒介管理用代表性取样的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD6044-1996(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D34.01.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:bias;contaminatedmedia;precision;representative;sample;waste;wastemanagement;Compositesampling;Environmentalsampling/testing;Representativesampling;Samplingwastematerials/applications
【摘要】:Representativesamplesaredefinedinthecontextofthestudyobjectives.Thisguidedefinesthemeaningofarepresentativesample,aswellastheattributesthesample(s)needstohaveinordertoprovideavalidinferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation.Thisguidealsoprovidesaprocesstoidentifythesourcesoferror(bothsystematicandrandom)sothataneffortcanbemadetocontrolorminimizetheseerrors.Thesesourcesincludesamplingerror,measurementerror,andstatisticalbias.Whentheobjectiveislimitedtothetakingofarepresentative(physical)sampleorarepresentativesetof(physical)samples,onlypotentialsamplingerrorsneedtobeconsidered.Whentheobjectiveistomakeaninferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation,additionalmeasurementerrorandstatisticalbiasneedtobeconsidered.Thisguidedoesnotapplytothecaseswherethetakingofanonrepresentativesample(s)isprescribedbythestudyobjective.Inthatcase,samplingapproachessuchasjudgmentsamplingorbiasedsamplingcanbetaken.Theseapproachesarenotwithinthescopeofthisguide.Followingthisguidedoesnotguaranteethatrepresentativesampleswillbeobtained.Butfailuretofollowthisguidewilllikelyresultinobtainingsampledatathatareeitherbiasedorimprecise,orboth.Followingthisguideshouldincreasethelevelofconfidenceinmakingtheinferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation.ThisguidecanbeusedinconjunctionwiththeDQOprocess(seePracticeD5792).Thisguideisintendedforthosewhomanage,design,andimplementsamplingandanalyticalplansforwastemanagementandcontaminatedmedia.1.1Thisguidecoversthedefinitionofrepresentativenessinenvironmentalsampling,identifiessourcesthatcanaffectrepresentativeness(especiallybias),anddescribestheattributesthatarepresentativesampleorarepresentativesetofsamplesshouldpossess.Forconvenience,thetermx201C;representativesamplex201D;isusedinthisguidetodenotebotharepresentativesampleandarepresentativesetofsamples,unlessotherwisequalifiedinthetext.1.2Thisguideoutlinesaprocessbywhicharepresentativesamplemaybeobtainedfromapopulation.Thepurposeoftherepresentativesampleistoprovideinformationaboutastatisticalparameter(s)(suchasmean)ofthepopulationregardingsomecharacteristic(s)(suchasconcentration)ofitsconstituent(s)(suchaslead).Thisprocessincludesthefollowingstages:(1)minimizationofsamplingbiasandoptimizationofprecisionwhiletakingthephysicalsamples,(2)minimizationofmeasurementbiasandoptimizationofprecisionwhenanalyzingthephysicalsamplestoobtaindata,and(3)minimizationofstatisticalbiaswhenmakinginferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation.Whilebothbiasandprecisionarecoveredinthisguide,majoremphasisisgiventobiasreduction.1.3Thisguidedescribestheattributesofarepresentativesampleandpresentsageneralmethodologyforobtainingrepresentativesamples.Itdoesnot,however,providespecificorcomprehensivesamplingprocedures.Itistheuser''sresponsibilitytoensurethatproperandadequateproceduresareused.1.4Theassessmentoftherepresentativenessofasampleisnotcoveredinthisguidesinceitisnotpossibletoeverknowthetruevalueofthepopulation.1.5Sincethepurposeofeachsamplingeventisunique,thisguidedoesnotattempttogiveastepbystepaccountofhowtodevelopasamplingdesignthatresultsinthecollectionofrepresentativesamples.